HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU NONG SAN VIET NAM SANG M O T SO
THI TRl/CfNG TRONG DIEM
t LE TIEN DAT - VO TRpNG NGHIA
TOM TAT:
Xua't khau ndng sdn ddng mdt vai tro quan trpng trong phat trie'n kinh td', ddc bidt dd'i vdi cac nddc dang phat trien. Hoat ddng nay giup ieh trong vide kich thich tang trddng kinh le', gia tang thu nhdp qud'c ddn va la thanh ph£n chinh trong giai quye't edng dn vide lam. Tuy nhien, boat ddng xua'l kha'u ndng san cda eac nUde dang phdt tridn eung bi ehi phdi td tinh binh ndng san chung trdn thd' gidi, td dieu kidn va ed sd ha lang han che' cua chinh cdc qud'c gia nay. Dua trdn ndi dung ly thuye't ve xud't khau va xud't kh3'u ndng sdn, bdi bao mang tdi cho ngddi dpc mpt cai nhin khai quat ve boat ddng xuat khau ndng san cua Viet Nam trong thdi gian g^n day, vdi viec phdn tieh sdu bdn vao mdt sd' san pha'm chu Idc nhd ea phd, thanh long va ran qua. Trdn cd sd do, bai bao de xua't mpt sd giai phap nham lang cudng hidu qua hoat ddng xuS^t khau ndng sdn Vidt Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
Tff khoa: Ndng san, xua't kha'u, thi IrUdng trpng didm, Vidt Nam.
1. Hoat dong xua't khSu va xua't khSu nongsan
1.1. Hoat dong xua't khau
Khi ban tdi khdi niem "xua't kha'u", td dien Cambridge dda ra mdt sd each hid'u khdc nhau.
Dudi gdc dp la mdt ddng id, "xua'l khau " cd nghTa la "gdi hang hda di tdi mdt qud'c gia khac nham mue dieh kinh doanh hoac sd dung" (to send goods to another country for sale or use). Cdn dddi gde dp la mpt danh td, "xud't khau" mud'n dm chi "mdt hoat ddng hoac mdt doanh nghiep chuydn ve mang hang hda tdi qud'c gia khdc nham muc dich ban"
(the activity or business of sending goods lo another countiy in order to sell them there) (Cambridge Dictioiuiiy. 2019).
Theo cdch tid'p can cua Ecommeree (2019), xua't khau de cap dd'n boat ddng ban hang hda thddng mai cho mdt qud'c gia khae (exporting
refers lo the sale of commercical goods to another countiy). Ndi mpt each khdc, xua'l kha'u ddi hoi phai ed boat ddng giao dich thddng mai trdn thi trddng qude te (exporting entails the act of trading in the international market).
Theo cap nhat mdi nhd'l cua Troy (2019), xuat khau ddde xem nhd la mpt boat ddng quan trpng trong ihudng mai qude te, ct do, hang hda ddde san xud't tai mdt qud'c gia dupe ehuyen dd'n mpt qude gia khac de ban hoac giao dich trong tddng lai (exports are a function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for fumre sale or trade).
1.2. Vai tro cua xud't khau
Thd nhat. vai tro cua xud't khau do'i vdi nen kitih ti'ndi chung
Xua'l kha'u (XK) la mdt thanh phan quan trpng trong nen kinh le' cua mdt qud'c gia, thdng qua
60 So 2 0 - T h d n g 11/2019
KINH TE
vide d^y manh budn ban hang hda, XK lam tang them tdng san Iddng san xua't cua qud'c gia. Hay ndi cdch khac, kha nang XK hdng hda cua mdt qud'c gia giup nen kinh td' cua qud'c gia do phdt tridn. Chinh vi vay, mot trong nhdng chdc nang cdi loi eua ngoai giao va cae ehinh saeh dd'i ngoai gida ede chinh phu la thuc da'y kinh te' thddng mai, kbuyd'n khich XNK vi Idi ieh eua td't ca eac ben giao dieh (Troy 2019).
Thd hai, vai trd cua xud't khdu doi vdi cdc doanh nghiep
Cae DN thddng hddng tdi hoat ddng xua'l khau hang hda va dich vu vi nhieu ly do. Trddc tidn, ed thd' ndi XK ed the lam tang doanh thu va Ipi nhuan khi tid'p can dddc thi trddng mdi, md rdng thi trddng hidn cd, thdmchiiaoedhdiehoDN ed the chie'm linh thi trddng toan cau. Mdt khae, cae edng ty XK ed the phan tdn rui ro trong kinh doanh bang each da dang hda thi trddng XK. Hau he't cac cdng ly cd tam cd hoat ddng tren cac thi trddng Idn deu ed dddc mot phan doanh thu ddng ke td boat ddng XK sang ede nude khae. XK ra thi trUdng nudc ngoai c6 the giiip DN giam chi phi cho mdi ddn vi hang hda bdng cdch md rdng boat dong, dap dng cac nhu cau gia tdng. Cud'i cung, cae cdng ty XK vao thi trddng nddc ngoai ed the' hpc hoi dddc kie'n thde vd kinh nghiem mdi, cho phep tie'p edn cdc edng nghe mdi, phUdng ihdc marketing mdi va c6 sd hieu bie't td't hdn vd ede dd'i thu nddc ngoai (Troy 2019),
1.3. Hoat dong xud't khau nong sdn Hoat ddng XK ndng san (NS) ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng trong sd phat tridn kinh te', dac biet la ddi vdi eae nddc dang phdl trie'n. Tam quan trpng eua XK NS de'n cac qud'c gia dang phat trien the hien qua lac ddng cua boat ddng nay tdi kich thich lang trddng kinh te', tao ra mdt ngudn Idn ve thu nhdp va Id Ihanh phan quan trpng trong giai quye't edng dn viec lam. Tuy nhidn, boat ddng XK NS d cac nddc dang phat trien bi chi phd'i nhieu bdi tinh hinh NS ehung tren the'gidi, ciing nhd eae dieu kien ban che've cd sd ha tang, phan phd'i va hoat ddng thudng mai td phia chinh bdn than cdc nddc dang phat trien (Kuzminov, 2017).
Ve ed ban, hoat ddng XK NS mang tdi mdt so' tae ddng tich cdc dd'i vdi cae nddc dang phat men nhd sau: Tang trddng khd'i Idpng san xud'l ndng nghiep; Tang trddng thu nhap eho ede DN ndng
nghiep trong nddc vd thddng nhan budn ban trong linh vdc nay; Nang eao ehd't lddng d td't ea cdc khau san xud't, Idu kho va van ehuyen hang NS;
Tang trddng thu nhap ngoai bd'i; Tang trddng kinh te'qud'c gia (Kuzminov, 2017).
Ddng ihdi, boat ddng XK NS cung ed the mang lai mdt so' tac ddng lieu cdc tdi eac nddc dang phat trien, cd the dan de'n tinh trang ma't dn dinh an ninh lddng thde va ngheo ddi, nhd: Gidm ngudn eung thde phd'm trdn thi trudng trong nUde, trong di^u kien nang sua't trung binh hoac thd'p;
Khung hoang lien te, gidm thu nhdp eua cac nha san xud't ndng nghiep vd md't ca'n dd'i cd cau trong he thd'ng kinh id', khi linh hinh trdn thi trddng NS the' gidi xd'u di (Kuzminov, 2017).
2. Tmh hinh xu3't kha'u mdt sd'ndng san Viet Nam sang cac thi trifdng trpng diem
Theo thd'ng ke cua Tong cue Hai quan, dd'n he't thdng 9/2019, ndng san Viet Nam da cd mat tai hdn 160 nude va vung lanh thd tren the' gidi, trong do cd cae san pb^m XK trdn I ti USD, nhU:
ca phd, gao, rau qua, vdi long gia tri la dat 12,54 ly USD, giam 7,9% so vdi ciing ky ndm irdde, tddng dng giam 1,07 ly USD. Viel Nam cd ban van la nddc ndng nghiep, nen XK NS ddng vai tro ddc bidt quan trong, tao sd dn dinh xa hdi va ndng cao cha't lUdng sd'ng cho ngUdi ndng dan, gdp phan phdl trien kinh td' da't nUde. Vdi nhdng sdn pham NS hidn ed, cung tiem nang ve dieu kidn td nhien va xa hpi, Viet Nam dang hddng tdi top 15 nhdng nhd XK NS Idn nhd't tren thd' gidi.
Td'ng kim ngach XK NS 10 nam (td nam 2008 - 2017) eua nddc ta dat khodng 261,3 ty USD, vdi mdc tang trudng binh quan khoang 9,24%/nam.
Dac biet, nam 2017, tdng kim ngach xua't khau cua ca nddc dat khoang 214 ty USD, trong dd nhdm ITnh vde ndng lam san vd thuy san dd dat gan 37 ty USD (chid'm khoang 16,8%). Thuy san Id ngdnh c6 gid tri XK cao nha't, dat 8,3 ty USD, tid'p dd'n la hat dieu vdi 3,516 ly USD, rau qua dat 3,502 ty USD, ca phe vdi 3,24 ly USD, gao dat 2,6 ty USD, hat tidu dat 1,1 ly USD, san va cdc san phd'm td san dat 1,03 ty USD... (Bang 1)
2.1. Thijtc tr^ng xud't khau cd phe Theo Bd Cdng ThUdng (2019), nam 2018, XK ed phd dat 1,88 trieu td'n vdi tri gid dat 3,54 ty USD, tdng 19,9% ve lUdngva tang 1,1% ve gid tri so vdi ndm 2017. Tuy nhidn, gia XK binh qudn
Sd20-Thdng 11/2019 61
Bang
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dai 1.883 USD/td'n, giam 15,7%
so vdi nam irUdc. Nhd vdy, Viet Nam v l n gid vi tri nifdc xud't khau cd phd Idn thd 2 the gidi ve san lddng, nhdng hau he't Id Robusta vdi ehd't lddng chua cao va gia thdnh rd't tha'p. Dieu do ddn tdi gia tri xud't khau ca phe Viet Nam d mdc ra't thap so vdi cdc nha xud't khIu khac, chang ban tai thi trddng My, gia cua ca phe Vidt Nam tha'p nha't.
Dde va Hoa Ky tid'p luc la 2 thi trUdng lieu thu ea phd Idn nha't cua Vidt Nam trong nam 2018, vdi di gia XK lan Iddl la 459 tridu USD va 340,2 trieu USD. (Bdng 2)
Cd the tbd'y, lupng cung nhd gia tn XK ca phe eua Vidl Nam cd xu hudng tang nhdng bid'n dong manh, phu thude vao nhieu vao dieu kien thdi tid't cung nhd nhu clu cua thi trddng thd' gidi.
Nhu vdy, XK ca phe la ra't tidm nang nhifng eung day thach thde.
Vi du nam 2017, Vidt Nam XK dat 1,422 trieu ta'n, tri gid 3,209
ty USD, giam 20,1% ve lddng va giam 3,7% ve iri gia so vdi nam 2016. So vdi nam 2016, san lUdng cd phd XK trong ndm 2017 da giam khd manh, nhUng gid tri thu ve gidm khdng dang ke so vdi ciing ky Id do gid XK binh quan ndm 2017 da tang tren 20% so vdi 2016. Nam 2016, XK ed phd dat 1,79 dieu td'n, dem ve 3,36 ty USD, lang 33,6% ve lddng va 25,6% ve gia tri so vdi ndm.
Ca phd cua Viet Nam XK sang cdc nddc khd'i EU chid'm 43% trong long lUdng ca phd XK ca nddc vd chid'm 42% trong long kim ngach (dat 446.822 ta'n, tddng dddng 986,9 irieu USD) (2016).
Trong do, Dde la nddc ddng dau thi tnfdng lidu thu ca phd cua Viet Nam, dat 157.6 ngan ta'n, tri gia 344,3 trieu USD, chie'm 15% trong tdng lUdng va tdng kim ngach XK ca phe eua ca nUdc.
Hien tai. My dang la qude gia tieu thu ed phe Idn nhd't thd gidi, vdi tdng kim ngach NK mat hang ndy trong 6 thdng dau nam 2017 dat 3,3 ty USD, tang 16,6% so vdi eung ky nam 2016. Trong khi do, USDA du bdo Hoa Ky se NK 27 tridu bao trong
1. Xuat khdu nong son theo nhom hdng
8-795 3.61 5,8 8.309 3.8t
3.500 1,63 3.810 1,56 Bfi 353 3.515 1,63 3Ti 3.366 1.38 5,9 - 4 ^ 1 566 3.500 1.63 1-878 3.538 1,45 19.9 1.1 139 227 0,11 127 218 0.09 -8.6 -A,1 215 1.117 0.52 233 759 0,31 8,3 -32.1 5 819 2.633 1,22 6 1 1 5 3 064 1,26 5.1 15,3 3,914 1,032 0.48 l.iZT 958 0,39 ^ 8 , 0 -7.1 su 1-381 2.250 1,05 1.564 2.092 0.86 13.3 -7,0
Nguon: Bd Cong ThUOng (2018) Bang 2. LUdng va gia trj XK cua ca phe Viet Nam
ta2001 den 2016
^ 2 0 0 0 ^ r 4000 Q S i / \ A
thousand
1 i L 500 ; 1 1 1 1 1 ^ l l l l l l l l l
„ idhHXliJJJJL 111JJ
S
million
1000 4- 0
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
20D5
2004
2000
2002
2001
• • Q u a n t i t y (thousand Xon) Value (million USD]
Ngudn: Cue Hdi quan Viet Nam (20161
niSn vu 2018/2019, tang manh 2,4 trieu bao so vdi nien vu tritdc. Cac nudc XK ca pile chinh vao thi trudng nay trong nien vu 2018/2019 dUdc dU bao la. Brazil (23%), Colombia (22%), Viet Nam (15%) va Honduras (6%).
Trong nam 2017, Nhat Ban da NK 88 nghin tan hat ca phe tho ttf Viet Nam, tang ga'p 10 lin so vdi m6t thSp ky trildc. Theo cd quan hai quan NhSt Ban, 8 thang dau nam 2018, NK ca phe ciia Nhat Ban til Brazil va Vi6t Nam giam so vdi cung ky nam hUdc, chii yg'u do nguon cung tCf hai nUdc nay that chat. Trong do, NK ca phe Vi6t Nam ciia NhSt Ban trong 8 thang dau nam 2018 giam 9,5% \i lUdng nhiing tang 20,7% v l tri gia so vdi ciing ky nam 2017. Ke't qua la, thi phan NK ttt hai thi trudng nay giam so vdi cUng ky nam trUdc. Cu th^, thi phan NK ca phe Viet Nam trong 8 thang dau nam 2018 giam xuong chi con 10,7% tir miic 11,2% ciia cung ky nam ngoai; va thi phan ctia ca phe Brazil giam xuong con 14,4% tCt mile 15,8%
ciia 8 thang dau nam 2016.
62 So 2 0 - T h a n g 11/2019
2.2. ThUc trang xud't khau thanh long Thanh long la mat hang trai edy xua'l khau ehu lUc cua Viet Nam, vdi kim ngach XK nam 2016 dat 895,7 trieu USD, chi6'm ty trpng 50,3% trong xua't khau trai cay lUdi va 36,1% trong tong kim ngach rau qua cua ViSt Nam. Theo ddc linh cua Cue Xua'l Nhap khau (Bd Cdng ThUdng), trong 5 thang dau nam 2019, XK thanh long da dat 554,256 trieu USD, tang 3,7% so ciing ky 2018, thanh long dang chiem 40,2% tdng gid tri XK cija nhdm hang qua va qua hach. Gia tri XK trdi thanh long cao gan gd'p 2 lan gid tri XK 2 loai trai edy xe'p sau nhu mang cut dat 140,4 trieu USD (121 trieu USD) vd xodi (136 trieu USD). XK thanh long eiing vUdl tr6i so vdi nhdm hdng rau eu vdi gia in XK 147, 63 irieu USD va san phd'm ehe' bien vdi kim ngach 233,882 trieu USD.
Viet Nam hien la nUde XK thanh long Idn nha't the gidi, chie'm thi phan cao nhd't tai ebau A, chdu Au vd mots6'tbdidi6'mtaiMy.ThdiLanva Israel Id 2 nude XK Idn ihiJ hai va \M ba tai ihi trudng chau Au Dd'i vdi thi trUdng chau Au, nha cung ca'p chinh san pham thanh long la Viet Nam ebiS'm 40% thi phan, nhUng vao thdi diim ehinh vu thi Israel vd Nam My chid'm linh vi tri du'ng dau nay.
Thanh long la loai trai cay dau tien eua Viet Nam XK vao thi trUdng My. Tuy vdy, ibi phan cua qua Viel Nam tai My la ehUa ddng ke, chiem thi phan nho 3% (2018) (sau Mexico 88%, ddng trUde Chile 2%, Trung Qud'c 1,2%, Thai Lan 1,1%). Trong do, thanh long la mat hdng truyin IbS'ng dd'i vdi ngUdi lieu dung gd'c A noi ehung
KINH TE
va gd'e Viet ndi rieng d My. Do cong dong ngUdi A vd Viet khd eao nen nhu eau tieu thu thanh long tUdng d6'i Idn. NhUng do'i vdi ede nhdm sac t6e khdc, thanh long van la san pham tUdng do'i mdi vd ehi dUde bie'l de'n d phan khiac cua thi trUdng ea'p eao. Tuy nhien, cac nhd phdn tieh cho bie't day la thi irUdng se phat tri^n nhanh vd manh trong thdi gian tdi, bang chiing la cac chu trang trai d Florida vd California da bat dau lien hanh trdng thanh long d^ dap dng nhu eau thi trUdng.
2.3. Thde trang xud't khdu rau qua (Bang 3) Trong giai doan 2011 - 2018, rau qud la mot trong nhiJug nhdm hang XK dn dinh va cd td'e do tang trUdng eao nhd't eua nganh ndng nghiep vdi mde tang trudng dat 26,5%/nam. Ddc biet, ndm 2018, kim ngach XK rau qud dat 3,8 ty USD, vuot qua cdc mat hang gao, tiSu, ehe de trd thanh mot trong nhttng mat h'ang-N-S chu lUc ciia Viet Nam, til dd lao len the manh mdi trong XK NS eija Vi&t Nam. Dd eung Id dong lUe gdp phan ihay do'i bo mdt cua loan b6 nganh Nong nghiep.
Doi vdi cac thi trUdng XK, chdu A ehig'm 85%
tdng kim ngach XK rau qud eua Vi6t Nam; trong do, dling diu la Trung Qud'c, tiep de'n la Han Quo'c, Nhat Ban.
Hien, My la thi trddng XK rau qua Idn thil 2 Ciia Viet Nam. Nam 2018, kim ngach XK dat 123 lri$u USD, irong do long san lUdng qua lUdi XK sang My phai qua chie'u xa dat gan 7.500 td'n cac loai. Nhiing tin hieu lae quan tr6n eho tbd'y, kim nhaeb XK trong nam 2019 se gia tang, vi cac DN
Bdng 3. Thi triidng xudt khdu rau qud nam 2017-201d L. Rau qui
Trung Quoc HoaKy Han Qu£c Nhat Ha Lan Khac
" ^
^ . 5 0 0 . 1 9 2 . 2 0 3 2.649.252.398 102.072.973 85.682.807 127.206.493 64.371.683 471.605.84975,69 2,92 2,45 3,63 1,84 13,47
3.809.598.848 2.783.769.233 139.946.579 113.900.531 105.136.787 59.890.664 606.955.154
73,07 3,67 2,99 2,76 1,57 15,93
8,8 5,1 37,1 32,9 -17,3 -7,0 28,7 Nguon: Bo Cong Thuang (201S)
So 2 0 - T h a n g 11/2019 63
Viet Nam da ehinh thde XK qua xodi tUdi sang My sau khi da xua't di ihanh long, ehdm ehom, nhan, vai, vu siJa; ciing nhU dang dam phdn de ed the XK vao thi irUdng My sdn pham budi iCf Viet Nam.
3. Mot so' giai phap nang cao hieu qua xua't khSu n6ng san sang mOt so' thi trUcfng trong diem ciia Vi?t Nam
Hoat dong XK NS eua Viet Nam hien nay dang dling trUde bUde ngoai quan trong, ne'u cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dii silc iheo kip va hoi nhdp, ddp ilng td't nhu'ng doi hdi ngay mot eao hdn eiia thi trifdng thi vai tro va vi the ciia chiing ta se dUdc khang dinh, khi dd khong nhiing dem lai gid Iri Idn, md con dam bao san xua't ben vUng eho nganh Nong ngbifip.
Nhifng doi hdi ve lieu chuan ky thuat eua ede thi trUdng tren the gidi, dac biet la cae thi trddng trong diem ngdy edng khai khe va chi tie't, cap nhat; do vay gay kho khan eho nhd sdn xud't eQng nhuXKNS Viel Nam. Do do, trUdc lien Bo Nong nghiep va Phat irien nong Ihdng can bo sung kip thdi ede tieu chuan quan ly mot each phii hdp, lien thdng so vdi cac lieu chuan quo'c te, trdnh tinh trang cham va nd ban hanh cac tieu chuan nbU hien nay. Dong Ihdi vdi do Id sU h6 trd kip thdi ve thdng tin lien quan de'n ede tieu chuan ky thuat lai moi thi trUdng ciia eac cO quan chuyen trdeb se gop phan giup cho cdc DN san xud't ehii dong hdn trong kha nang ddp ilng, ndng eao ndng lUe tim kie'm xam nhdp thi irUdng. Tiif do, kha'e phuc linh trang dang diln ra hiSn nay Id hau he't ede nha san xua'l ddi ddn bdng, ddi cdc nha xua't khau ddt hang san xua'l theo lieu chuan eiia moi thi irudng ma ho cd dUde ddn hdng.
Hien nay, viee quan ly tieu chuan ky tbudl, ehd't lUdng lai cac thi trUdng kho linh dang ehuyen dan lif phUdng thile quan ly an toan ihue pham theo cdch kiem tra, la'y mdu va xac dinh cac lieu ehi ciia san pham cuo'i eiing sang dp dung quan ly theo each kiem soat loan bg qua trinh iCf "trang irai de'n ban an". Do vay,de ddm bdo ihdm nhap va duy tri sU cd mat eiia NS Viet Nam lai ede thi irUdng tren chiing la can tijtng bUde xdy dung quy trlnh qudn ly cdp nhal.
Trong mpt thdi gian ddi ehung ta quan tam de'n
san xua't NS ve mat so lddng hdn la ehd't lUdng, tuy vay dieu do can dUdc thay ddi sdm vd lri6l de, bdi le Ihi irUdng ngay mot doi hoi eao hdn va ehi CO san pham eha't lUdng mdi dem Iai hi^u qud ve mat kinh le. Thay doi nhdn thde, dau tU ky thuat, phat trien chudi Hen ke't NS, xay dUng ihUdng hieu dieu do se gdp phan nang cao ehai lUdng va gia tri eho NS XK.
Thdng ke cho tha'y, hau he't cae DN XK NS vdn d quy md vrfa va nho tiem lUe con ban chS", trong khi do hoat dong logistics, dae biet eho hoa qua tUdi doi hoi dau lU Idn ve tdi chinh cung nhrf chuydn sau ve mat ky tbudl. Dieu do dan idi nhieu DN ddt ye'u id gid len tren cha't lUdng bao quan, van chuyen. Ddy la va'n de ra't khd ne'u moi DN XK tu ihdo gd. Do do. Bo Ndng nghiep can cd quy hoach eu the ve phat irien cdc viing san pham gan liln vdi cac boat dong h5 trd sau thu hoach. Can quy hoach, ed ede chinh sach cu the Uu ddi do'i vdi cac nha dau tU vao hoat dong lo- gistics trong ITnh vUc bao qudn, che'biS'n, van chuyen NS.
Can khuye'n khich duy tri va md rong md hinh HTX nong nghiep vdi ea cdc nong hp thdnh vi^n va nong ho hdp lac. SU phat trien cua hinh ihilc nay se gidi quyet dUde va'n de manh miin cho sdn xud'l NS. Chi eo nhd vdy mdi thue hien boa dUdc viee lap chie'n lUde san xua'l, nghien eiJu thi trUdng, dp dung edng nghS tien lien, tuan thii quy trinh quan ly cha't lddng nghiem ngdt... va dam bao dUdc san lUdng Idn, dn dmh, ddp ilng dUdc yeu cau ciia hoat dong xud't khau.
Nhu vay, boat dong XK NS ciia Viet Nam da dai dUde nhu'ng ke't qud ra't ndi bat ca ve gid tri cung nhu sU da dang eiia cae san pham. Tuy nhien, vdn ehUa ddp iJng td't so vdi tiem nang, cung nhu nhu cau ctia cac thi irUdng trpng diem.
Ben canh nhu'ng diem Idi the, NS XK dang di?ng irUdc dp lUe Idn ve canh tranh cQng nhu gap phai rao can khat khe ve lieu chuan ky thuat. De vUdl qua dUde nhifng thach Ihrfc ciia mot thi irUdng luon bien dong manh, can sU ke't ndi ddng bp tii' cdc nha quan ly de'n ede DN XK, tdi cac cd sd san xua't; can ed sU hd trd til phap ly, lai chinh, thdng tin ciia ehinh phu ddi vdi cac DN boat ddng trong ITnh vUeXK nay •
64 Sd20-Thang 11/2019
KINH TE
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O :
1. Bo Cong Thuang, 2019, Bdo cdo Xudt nhdp khdu Viet Nam ndm 2018.
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Ngay nhan bai: 13/10/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va suTa chfTa: 23/10/2019 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 3/11/2019
Thong lin tdc gid:
1. LE TIEN DAT 2. VU TRONG NGHIA Trifdng Dal hpc ThUdng mai
EXPORT ACTIVITIES OF VIETNAMESE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TO SOME KEY MARKETS
• LE TIEN DAT
• VU TRONG NGHIA Thuong Mai University ABSTRACT:
Agricultural exports play an important role in economic development, especially for developing countries. This activity is helpful in sdmulaling economic growth, increasing national income and is a major component in creating jobs. However, the agricultural exports of developing countries are also governed by the general situation of agricultural products in the world due lo limited conditions and infrasd-ucture of these countries themselves. Based on the theoretical basis of agricultural exports and exports, the article gives an in-depth analysis of Vietnam's agricultural exports. Some key products such as coffee, dragon fruit and vegetables.
Based on that, the article proposes a number of solutions to enhance the efficiency of Vietnam's agricultural export activities in the near future.
Keywords: Agricultural products, export, key markets, Vietnam.
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