CHUONG TRlNH NGHIlN CUU COA O I T A I KHOA HOC CAP N H A NUdC MA Sd KX.02/11-15
N H O N G N O i a c GIAM NGHEO CHO DONG BAO DAN TOC KHOME VUNG DONG BANG SONG CUfU LONG
ThS. NGUYEN THU TRANG*
1. Vung ddng bing sflng Cto Long (DBSCL) bao gdm 1 t h i t o phd true thufic trung trong (thito phd Cfa Tho) vi 12 tinli:
Long An, Tifin Giang, Bfin Tre, Vito Long, Tra Vito, Hiu Giang, Sdc Trtag, Ddng Thip, An Giang, iQen Giang, Bac Lieu vi Ci Mau. Nhtog nim qua, cic cap bO, ngtah tnmg uong va cac tito, thtali phd trong vdng d DBSCL di quan tim thyc hign nhifiu chinh sich chim lo phat trifin dfli sdng cho ddng bao din tdc Khome vi da dat dupc totog kflt qui dfag ghi tofa.
Ddng bao Khome vung DBSCL hign cd gin 1,3 triflu ngudi sinh sdng tip trang d 9 tinh, thanh phd khu vuc Tay Nam Bd, trong dd tgp trang chd yflu d cac tinh: Tra Vinh trfin 318.000 ngudi, chiflm 31,58%
din so cda tinh, Sdc Tring trfln 397.000 ngudi (30,71%), Kifln Giang tr6n 213.000 ngufli (12,5%), Bac Li6u tr6n 66.000 ngufli (7,66%), An Giang tren 91.000 ngudi (4,24%)...
Thyc hien chd truong, chinh sich cua Dtag va Nhi nufa doi vdi dfing bio dta tdc ndi chung va ddng bio Khome vung DBSCL ndi rieng, hau hflt cic dia phirong di thyc lii6n cham in, hd tto phit trifln kito tfi - xa hfli, ddi sflng cho ngufli dta. Trong tomg nim qua, co sd vat chit vung ddng bao d t a tpc dupc quan tam dau tu, toil Ii giao thfing, thdy Ipi, tnrong hpc, dign, nufa sinh hngt, chp, ttgm xi, iiha d, dit d, dit sta xuit... Iim thay ddi dtag kfi ddi sfing
ddng bao dta tOc Khome tai DBSCL. Nhie'u chinh sich dta tdc cua Dtag vi Nha nufa d i vi dang dupc ttifln khai mato me, tou:
Chi thi sd 68-CT/TW ngay 18/4/1991 cua Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dtag khda VI vfi cdng tic d vung ddng bao dta tdc Khome.
Thdng bio Kfit luta sd 67-TB'/TW ngiy 14/3/2007 cua BanBi thu Trung trmg Dtag vfi viflc tifip tuc thyc bifln Chi thi sfi 68- CT/TW; Kfit lugn sd 57KL/TW ngiy 03/11/2009 cda Bd Chinh tti vfi cdng tic dta tOc, Kfit lufa sd 28-icL/TW ngiy 14/8/2012 cda Bfl Chinh tri; Quyfit dinh 134/2004/QD-TTg cua Thu tufag Chinh phd vfi mpt so chinh sich hd ttp dat sin xuat, dit d, toa d va nufa sitohpgtchohO dflng bio dfa tdc thiflu sd nghep, ddi sdng khd khta vi Quyfit dito sd 135/1998/QD- TTg cua Thd tutog Chinh phu phfl duyet Chuang ttito phit ttien kmh tfi - xi bpi cic xa die biet khd khan, vung siu, vung xa bufa diu tgo dugc su chuyen bifln khi tota dien vfi ha tfag kito tfi - xa hpi, dac biflt ddi vfli vtog DBSCL.
Trong giai dpgn 2006 - 2010, di giam dupc 42.352 hfl Klipme nghen. Xet ve ty 16 so vdi tdng sd lifl Khome, ttong 5 nam, cac dia phuong ttong vtog giam dupc 17,11%, (ttung bmh mdi nam giim dupc 3,42%), ty Ie hO ngheo cfin Igi cudi giai dogn so vdi tdng sd hfl Khome li 24,57%. Giai dogn
' Hgc vign Hinh chinh Quoc gia SD r u i O U A N Lf N H A Ntfdc - 5d 2381111tDI ill
CHUONGTRINH NGHIlN Ctf U CUA OE TAI KHOA HOC CAP NHA NtfdC M A Sd KX.02/11 -15
2011 dfin nay, so lufag hP Khome giam ngheo li 9.352 hd nhung lai cd sd ho ngheo mdi ting {do cac thanh vien sinh sdng trong bd nghfio tifip tuc tach, lap thfah hfi mfii). Trong giai doan niy, trung binh mdi nim, cac dia phumg vdng Tay Nam Bp giam trang binh 3% hfi nghen din tdc Khome. Den cudi nam 2014, tylO hO ngheo trong ddng bao giam xudng cdn khoing 25%.
2. Nhifiu chuyfln gia va lanh dao cac dia phuong vung DBSCL cfl sd dong ddng bao dta tflc Khome sinh sdng cung chung quan difim rtag, viec chim lo ddi sdng, xda ddi, giim ngheo cho ddng bfa Khome chua that sy bfin vmg. Vi hien nay, doi sdng cda ddng bio vfa cdn nhie'u khd khfa, bpc lfl nhifiu mgt hgn che, chua dap tog dupc vdi yflu ciu phat trien, nhat la ttpng thdi ky ddi mdi vi hdi nhap, nhu: sfa xuit kito tfi cdn tod 16, chu yfiu theo kinh nghiflm dfa gian, phong tuc, tap quan;
mat btag dta tri cdn thip so vdi cac dan tpc ato em khic d cic vung mien trong nufa; chit lumg ngudn toan luc chua dap tog dupc sy nghiOp cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda dat nufa...
Thep dito gii cua Ban Dfa tpc tito An Giang ttong nim 2014, kfit qua dat dugc td vigc thyc hien cic chuih sach ddi vdi dong bio dfa tpc cua tito vta chua ben vmg khi nhie'u hp thpat ngheo toung cdn 6 ngufag cfa nghflo, ty 16 ho ngheo trong dong bao dfa tOc thieu sd cdn cao. Tdc dp giam ngheo cic dia phutmg khdng ddng deu, cfi noi ty 16 giam ngheo rat thap, mgt sd xa chi giam 0,1 - 0,2%... 6 tito Tta Vito, cong tac giim ngheo vtog ddng bio dfa tpc Khome du mang lai mOt so kflt qua nhtmg chua that sy bdn vtog. Ty 16 hp ngheo, cfa n^eo ddng bio Khome chiem 36,23%, so hd tai ngheo cfin cao. Hien nay, ty le hp ngheo di thoit nghfio nhimg nam sat chufa ngheo khofag 70 - 80% (theo chuan ngh6o quy dito tgi Quyet dinh so
09/2011/QD-Trg ngay 30/01/2011 ve viec ban hanh chuan hp ngheo, hd can ngheo apdung cho giai doan 2001 -2015cuaThu tufag Chinh phu cdn thap, nen sd hd can ngheo nim sat ngufag ngheo, ddi sdng hfit sue khd khta). Tota tirih Tra Vinh hien nay cdn 29 xa khu vuc III va 144 ap dac biet khd khfa theo Quyet dito sd 447/QD-iJBDT ngay 19/9/2013 cua Uy ban Dan tdc.
Theo dd, o nhieu tinh, ty le hd ngheo la dong bao dfa tpc con kha cao trong khi ngudn kinh phi dfa tu cho vung ddng bao din tdc cdn phfa tfa ttong nhieu chuong trinh, du an nen qua ttinh trien khai khd ldng ghep. Ddng thai, nguy co chdng cheo cac chito sach dfa tdc khien hieu qua giam ngheo chua tuong xtog vdi ngudn luc dau tu. Hien nay tou cau dau tu xiy dmg ket | '•
cau ha tfag d vung ddng bao din tgc cdn | ' rat Ito, trong khi do ngudn vdn dau tu vua thieu va dfa trai khien cong trinh khd thuc hien dirt diem, nhieu dich vu xa hpi CO ban cdn chua den dupc vol ngudi dan.
3. Tu nhta thdc dung dfa ve cdng tac gifai ngheo ndi chung, cac cap, cac ngfah va dia phuang luon coi viec thuc hien cong tac gifai ngheo la mdt nliiem vu chito tti ttpng tfai. Trong do, lay viec thuc hien co hieu qua, cd ket qua cdng tac gifai ngheo tou mpt tieu chi danh gia viec hofa thfah nhiem vu cua cap uy Dfag, chito quyen. Cung vdi do la tiep tuc ra soat, bd sung chinh sach, hoto i ' thien chinh sach; co che, chinh sich nao \ i khdng hieu qua, khong con phu hop phai kien quyet loai bd. Vi vay, trong hofa thien chinh sach lien quan den gifai ngheo, cac cap, cac ngato va dia phuong vdng DBSCL can dac biet chu y hd trp dong bao ngheo ttong vmg ddng bao dta tdc Khome, bdi diy la vtog cd so hp ngheo rat Ifa.
Tnrdc hit, cfa tiiuc hien hfl trp theo hai hufag: hd trp cho sfa xuat (vi day la cii gdc va bo trp tifip cfa cac dich vu xa hdi co bfa nhu nhi d, y tfi giao due, nudc sach...); bd
T>D ruinilAN LY N H A NtfdC - 56 }3S 111nni ci
CHUONG TRlNH NGHIlN Ctfu CUA D l TAI KHOA HOC CAP NH A NUOC MA Sd KX.02/11-15
ttgr cho todm sta xuat, cu thfi li bd ttp vfi dat, vfi ciy giflng, vfi cnn gifing; giup ddng ban thoit ngheo qua giao dit, giao rmg, gta voi trdng vi bio vfl rmg. Ddng thdi, qum tim ho ttp doato nghiOp, dua doato nghiOp vfi hogt ddng d khu vyc ndng thdn, vung sau, vung xa. Qua dd, gdp phfa giai quyfit cfing fa vigc Iam, ttag thu togp chp ddng bio, chuyfin dich co ciu lap dOng.
Thd hai, huy dflng, kiflm soit vi sd dtog hi6u qui cic ngudn liic cho cdng tie giim ngheo; phil ldng ghfip myc tifiu giam ngh6o vdi cic chuong trito, myc ti6u phat trien kito tfi - xa hOi khac. Bfin cgnh ngudn lyc hd ttp cua tnmg utrag, cic dia phuang cung phii chd dOng huy dOng cic ngudn lyc, tifit kiem khofa chi dfi dito cho giim ngheo, dflng thfli cfl su tflng kfit, dito gii Chirong ttinh giam ngheo bfin vmg giai doan 2011 2015. Qua dfl, xay dmg Chirong ttito giim ngheo bfin vmg 2016 - 2020 vdi yeu ciu cao htm theo chufa ngheo mdi.
Thdba, cfa phat huy dupc vai ttfi cda ngudi dfa dia phuong tham gia vao qua ttito thyc hign dy ta, tao nen sy Uen kfit vtag chic gida chito quyfin dia phuong, cic tfl chdc dota the va ngtrfii dfa... Day Ii CO sd qum ttpng de giim thifiu tudi ttang til ngheo dang difin ra tai nhie'u dia phuong. Ben cgnh dd, cil tifin ca chfi huy dOng, phfa bd va quta ly ngudn lyc theo hufag da ngufln, coi ttpng tai chd cda ttog dia phirong; cd chito sich phu hpp dfi thu hut cic doato nghifip diu tu vio mifin ndi, toit ii uu dii vfi dat, thufi; kdu gpi su hfi ttp cda cic nufa vi cic td chfa quflc tfl, tao luc mato vfi tii chito cho cic vdng ngheo.
Thd tir, ddi mdi he thdng CO chfl quta Iy theo hufag phta dito rd chfa ntag, nhifim vy cda cic bfi, ngtah trang uong, cic dia phuong. Ttag cufag ntag lyc vi tham quyfin ttong quta ly va difiu hito thyc bifln chuong trinh cho toh; lim rfi quyen va
trich nhiem cda nguoi ngheo, hfl ngheo, xi nghfio, khic phyc tu tufag y lai. Xay dmg CO chfi khuyfin khich hfl, xi tu luc vuon Ifin thoat nghfio va huy dOng, sd dung vdn cd higu qui.
Ddi vdi vung ed ddng bio Khome sito sdng, cfa cd totog dfi nghi ddi vdi cic ca quan trung uong sdm ban hito chito sich, dfi ta ddng bd va kip thdi ttifin khai thyc biOn theo tito thto Quyfit dito sd 449/QD- TTg ngiy 12/3/2013 vfi phfi duygt Chifin lupc cfing tic dta tpc dfin nim 2020 va Chupng trito hito dfing thitc hign Chifin lugc cflng tic dta tflc dfin nim 2020 cda Thd tutog Chito phd.
Ngoai ra, Tnmg uong cfa sdm cd chito sach, dfi fa phat trifin ngudn nhfa liic dfa tOc thifiu sd ndi chung vi ddi vdi dflng bio Khome ndi rieng dfin nim 2020, dito hutog dfin nim 2030, toim nfag cao tofa dign, chit IiBjng ngudn nhin lyc. tri cbit, gdp phfa thuc diy phit trifin kito tfl - xi hdi, ntag cao thu nhip, giim ngheo bfin vtag; xiy dmg co chfi, chinh sich giai quyfit viec lim cho hpc sito, sito vifin dta tOc Khome sau khi tdt ngliiOp.
Thdnim, ttag cufag tuy6n trayfin, vfa dOng ntag can tota thdc cda ngufli dta;
coi trpng cflng tic cta bfl trpng xfla ddi, giim nghflp. Trong cdng tic nay, cdng tic cta bO, nhit Ii totog cta bO tryc tifip lito dgp cdng tic xda ddi, giim nghen cd vai trd quyfit dito; ntag can ntag lyc chn dpi ngu cta bfl cac cip, nhit li d co sd, cfa bd chuyen ttach lim cdng tie giim ngheo, cfa bO khuyfin ndng; tifip tuc duy tri cfa bfi chuyen trich Iam cdng tic xda ddi, giam nghep, cfa bO khuyfin ndng d xi nghep.
Thifit lap hg thdng then ddi, giim sit, dato gia d ca 4 cap, bao dim tinh khich quan, khoa hpc, gdp phfa chi dao chuong trito cd hieu qui hon. Die biet, kifin quyfit chfing beto hito flidc vi bOto thito tich ttong xda ddi, giim nghfioa
TAP CHlOUANLf NHA N U d c - s d 2 3 8 (11/30151
